Symptoms of the Subtypes of OCD and Related Disorders

Symptoms of the Subtypes of OCD and Related Disorders OCD Types Print The Types of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Subtypes of OCD and Related Disorders By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on August 26, 2019 More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand 5 Symptom Subtypes of OCD Related Disorders OCD in Kids Treatment for OCD View All Back To Top The ways in which symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are experienced varies widely from person to person. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides a broad definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder that includes the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that cause major distress or disruption to daily living. Clinicians and researchers suggest that OCD can be divided into different types based on the nature of the symptoms experienced.?? Verywell / Emily Roberts 5 Symptom Subtypes of OCD Although specific symptom types appear to be relatively stable over time, it is possible to experience a change in the nature and focus of your symptoms. Additionally, although the majority of your symptoms might be consistent with a particular symptom subtype, it is possible to experience symptoms of other types at the same time.?? Contamination Obsessions With Washing/Cleaning Compulsions:  If you are affected by this symptom subtype, you will usually focus on feelings of discomfort associated with contamination and wash or clean excessively to reduce these feelings of distress. For example, you might feel that your hands are dirty or contaminated after touching a doorknob or worry that you will contaminate others with your germs. To get rid of these feelings, you might wash your hands repeatedly for hours at a time.Harm Obsessions With Checking Compulsions: If you experience this symptom subtype, you will often have intense thoughts related to possible harm to yourself or others and use checking rituals to relieve your distress. For example, you might imagine your house burning down and then repeatedly drive by your house to make sure that there is no fire. Or, you may feel that by simply thinking about a disastrous event, you are increasing the likelihood of such an event actually happening.Obsessions Withou t Visible Compulsions: This symptom subtype often relates to unwanted obsessions surrounding sexual, religious, or aggressive themes. For example, you could experience intrusive thoughts about being a rapist or that you will attack someone. You may often use mental rituals such as reciting particular words, counting in your head or praying to relieve the anxiety you experience when you have these involuntary thoughts. Triggers related to obsessions are usually avoided at all costs.Symmetry Obsessions With Ordering, Arranging, and Counting compulsions:  When experiencing this subtype, you feel a strong need to arrange and rearrange objects until they are just right. For example, you might feel the need to constantly arrange your shirts so that they are ordered precisely by color. This symptom subtype can also involve thinking or saying sentences or words over and over again until the task is accomplished perfectly. Sometimes these ordering, arranging, and counting compulsions are car ried out to ward off potential danger. For example:  If I arrange my desk perfectly my husband won’t die in a car accident. However, this is not always the case.Hoarding:  Hoarding is now recognized as a distinct diagnosis in the DSM-5. Hoarding involves the collection of items that are judged to be of limited value by others such as old magazines, clothes, receipts, junk mail, notes, or containers. Often your living space becomes so consumed with clutter that it becomes impossible to live in. Hoarding is often accompanied by obsessional fears of losing items or possessions that may be needed one day and excessive emotional attachment to objects. People affected by the hoarding symptom subtype will tend to experience higher anxiety and depression than people with other subtypes and are often are unable to maintain steady employment. Importantly, compulsive hoarding can occur independently of OCD. Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders The DSM-5 included new definitions or moved these disorders to this category.?? Skin Pricking Disorder (Excoriation):  This disorder was also recognized as a distinct diagnosis in the DSM-5. It is persistent pricking at your skin that results in lesions, infections, and clinically significant distress. It is prevalent in approximately 1 to 2 percent of the population.Hair-Pulling Disorder (trichotillomania): In this OCD-related disorder, you have a strong urge to pull the hair from your head, eyebrows, eyelashes, or elsewhere on your body. It is usually treated with habit-reversal training and cognitive-behavioral therapy.Body Dysmorphic  Disorder:  This disorder is a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others. The criteria include that you have performed repetitive behaviors of grooming or checking your appearance or have mental acts such as constantly comparing your appearance to others. Muscle dysmorphia is a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder in which you think your body is too small or not muscular enough.OCD and Related Disorders Induced By a Substance/Medication or Due to Another Medical Condition:  Exposure to certain substances and medications can induce the development of OCD symptoms.?? There also are certain medical and neurological conditions that can be associated with the development of the disorder. In addition, although it is not uncommon for new mothers to experience a wide array of emotions following the arrival of a new child, the postpartum period has long been known to be a time of increased risk for the appearance, worsening, or recurrence of mood and anxiety disorders. A number of studies have suggested that the postpartum period may also present a risk for the onset or worsening of OCD.?? OCD in Kids Although many people think of OCD as a disorder that affects only adults, a similar percentage of children are also affected. While there are many similarities between adult-onset and childhood-onset OCD, there are also many important differencesâ€"particularly with respect to treatment and the nature of symptoms. Although we usually think of OCD as being caused by a combination of stress, genetic factors, and an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, there is growing evidence that a specific form of childhood OCD may actually be an autoimmune disorder.?? In pediatric autoimmune  neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS),  children develop OCD or tic disorders suddenly after a strep infection (such as strep throat) or scarlet fever  or have a worsening of already existing OCD symptoms. Studies at the National Institute of Mental Health have shown that a strep infection can produce cross-reactive anti-brain antibodies that produce the symptoms of PANDAS in children between age 3 and puberty. Treatment for OCD Choosing a course treatment for OCD depends on several factors, including: What has worked in the pastYour attitudes toward medicationYour motivation to undergo exposure response prevention (ERP) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)The severity of your symptomsThe presence of other disorders such as depression In general, most OCD types respond to some combination of cognitive-behavior therapy, exposure-response prevention, and medication.?? An important exception may be hoarding, which does not seem to improve with medication but does seem to respond to psychotherapy. Nevertheless, it may be useful for you to discuss with your psychologist or physician the ways in which ERP, CBT, and medication can be adjusted for maximum benefit based on your symptoms. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell If you have symptoms of OCD or its related disorders, see your health care provider as there is treatment available. You are not the only person with one of these disorders. You will find support and get the help you need to relieve yourself of these symptoms.

Art As A Creative Field - 895 Words

Art is something I have always admired but it has been just that, an admiration. I have been drawing since my earliest memory, and taught myself to draw from what I saw. While I have developed my skills over the years, I have never formally taken an art class or even learned about different varieties of art form. Now that I have the opportunity to pursue a degree in a creative field, I have realized there is such a vast majority of art, artists, and that we have to look deeper into art and the meaning behind it. Looking at art in terms of its contribution to society has been an even bigger challenge, because it is something that I personally have never thought to consider. When speaking of art in terms of a group or as a stand-alone, I wouldn’t feel comfortable to say that I have ever really felt like I belonged to a part of a group. There are painters, sculptors, crafters, designers, and even sub-categories of these art forms. It’s hard to say where my art style is comparable because I haven’t yet fully developed my skill. I find my inspiration in many different forms of art, but mainly surrealism and realism. I have experimented in various mediums, ranging from paint, pastel, graphite, sculpting, digital art, wood working and burning, resin casting, and tattooing and I still feel like I haven’t quite found my forte. Art on an academic level is very important because I feel that everyone should have the opportunity to learn about art and its significance in our day toShow MoreRelatedBuyers Are The Other Side Of The E Commerce Diagram907 Words   |  4 Pagesare the other part of the successful creative arts marketplace. The buyers can be a picky group when looking at performing arts or creative arts products. There is little standardization available to guide the entrepreneur to select the products that the buyer would like. 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The concept of femininity is socially constructed with biological factors incorporatedRead MoreThe Challenges Of Math And Science Classes Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesfailed to see it. We think art, design, and marketing are creative. However, creativity lies in every field that you are curious in. There is no definite space that creativity exists in. Obviously, this idea struck me later. I also thought a creative person was the one who could compose rhyming poems and stories, who could draw beautiful pictures, or who could sing and dance effortlessly and I also wanted these skills, but it was impossible. Later, I found out, I was creative too. I enjoyed the challengesRead MoreArt Therapy And Graphic Design1617 Words   |  7 Pagesa future career, both art therapy and graphic design are appealing and possible options for me, but which is the better? Art therapy is just what it sounds like, art combined with therapy. 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Hawthornes Scarlet Letter vs Scralet Letter the Film Essay

Hawthornes Scarlet Letter vs Scralet Letter the Film Published in 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s The Scarlet Letter describes many details of the life of a woman in a Puritan community and her conflict with their beliefs. Immoral events committed were harshly treated in those times; today these situations are dealt with up-to-date solutions. A Hollywood version of the novel was created in 1995 to visually illustrate the story but left room for comparison. Both the book and movie contain similarities and differences in point of view, plot, and symbolism. The point of view in a story is important for visualization of the plot. In the novel Hawthorne narrates the story of Hester Prynne and her sin of adultery making his point of†¦show more content†¦In the movie Pearl speaks of her living in the Carolinas with her family toward the end but in the novel Hawthorne did not mention it for the reason that he was not in a first person perspective of Hester and Pearl’s lives. Comparison occurs in the plot of the film version and book of The Scarlet Letter. The theme of the story is one of the few things that stays of similarity. Hester Prynne’s tale of her unfaithful mishap of adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimesdale remains the same. However, details and scenes were added to the movie to provide more interesting information to the modern audience. Unalike from the novel, the movie concentrates mostly on the strict Puritan belief and life style rather than on Hester’s sin. We immediately are aware of Hester’s affair with Arthur in the beginning of the movie as opposed to in the book where it is revealed to us as a surprise toward the end. Through out the film we are exposed to the reprimanding and strict ways of the Puritan leaders that make her love for Arthur a difficulty to happen. Hawthorne’s view mainly focuses on the â€Å"A† on Hester’s chest along with the torture it brings in full description. Symbolism is a significant part in both the adaptation and novel. The main feature of this imagery is portrayed in the scarlet colored letter that Hester is to wear as punishment of her wrongdoing. All through the movie, for visual advantage, more â€Å"symbols† are made aware for understanding to

Bartolome de Las Casas Free Essays

American Literature Massacre in the Indies Thesis: The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Intro: The discovery of the â€Å"New World† is portrayed as a wonderful time by almost all Americans on Columbus Day each and every year. If people knew the true story about what really happened as accounted by Bartolome de Las Casas then there would be less celebrating and realization that we, as people, are idolizing a false hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Bartolome de Las Casas or any similar topic only for you Order Now The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Body: 1. When the â€Å"Christians† arrived to the Indies the Indians viewed them as people from Heaven and soon found out that they were anything but that. A. The amount of food the Christians consumed was unbelievable. For each Christian ate as much food in one day as thirty Indians in one month. B. After the Christians made there way through the villages to the nobles they acted in a way to be considered horrific. They made the rulers watch as they raped their wives with no thoughts of regret in the Christian officer’s minds. 2. It was not long when the Indians decided something needed to be done. They revolted against the Christians but there was no way they could match up to them because while they were using bow and arrows and tomahawks the Christians were using horses, swords and pikes. Brutal raids were implemented on all Indian villages and the Christians used cruel and unusual punishments against them. A. Everyone from pregnant women to children was targeted by these so called Christians. B. Bets were placed by the Christians to see who could cut an Indian’s head off with one swing of the pike as if it were a game. C. Children were taken from their mothers and thrown by their arms and legs into rivers and off the sides of mountains. D. Indians were burned alive in groups of thirteen in remembrance of â€Å"Our Redeemer and His twelve Apostles. E. The hands of some Indians were cut off and tied around their necks as the Christians told them to â€Å"Go now, carry the message,† into the mountains to other Indians who have fled. F. Nobles and Chiefs were treated differently by the Christians, for they were lashed onto a grid of rods and placed on forked sticks then slowly burned in a smoldering fire. One account recalled by de Casas showed four or fiv e nobles latched onto these grids slowly being burned. Their screams were so loud that they were disturbing the captain’s sleep so he ordered them to be strangled but the constable decided to disobey his orders and instead put a stick over their tongues so that they could not scream. 3. While many Indians lives were ended with appalling deaths others were captured and turned into slaves by the Spaniards. More than two million Indians were taken captive and were brought to the island of Puerto Rico to do hard labor. How to cite Bartolome de Las Casas, Essay examples

Stand in Favour of Corruption free essay sample

Teachers and my dear Friends. I take my stand in favor of this topic â€Å"In a land of scams and scandals, corruption is the only way of life†. Had the topic been just ‘’ Corruption is the only way of life ‘’ then I would have surely refuted it, but the presence of the adverbial ‘’ In a land of scams and scandals’’ changes things. In a land where law makers are law breakers, can a common man survive without bending some rules? We often hear our elders saying, â€Å"Never keep a rotten mango in a basket of good ones. It will spoil the whole lot’’. What will happen if we reverse this situation i. e. keep a good one in a basket of rotten ones? Does this good one have any chances of survival? Same is the case with the modern world. There is rampant corruption everywhere and so there is no other way left for man but to be corrupt. We will write a custom essay sample on Stand in Favour of Corruption or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A majority when faced with this topic would address the nature of corruption, but I’ll take a different angle and focus on the causes of corruption. The root cause of corruption is man’s desire. It is in our nature to desire what we don’t have. Life is a corrupting process, from the time a child learns to play off his mother against his father, in the politics of when to go to bed. This proceeds from parents to God. We ask Him something and promise an offering in return. Isn’t this bribing God? Corruption becomes his way of life. Rousseau once said, â€Å"Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains†. In the land of scams and scandals these are the chains of corruption. In such a land being corrupt is not a luxury but it is a necessity. From the rich to the poor, from the high profile to the low profile, everyone must take a dip into the polluted river of corruption that traverses the land of scams and scandals. Majority of India’s population lives below the poverty line. These families survive on their ration quota. Thus, the head of the family prefers to pay bribes and procuring the ration card in 15 minutes rather than starving his entire family for 15 days. Besides, he does not have the time to wait in long queues as he is the lone breadwinner of the family. Today, in many professions, being corrupt ensures an individual’s survival. In a profession like journalism, it becomes a question of life and death. Take the case of the Mumbai journalist Jyotirmoy Dey who was assassinated for exposing the corrupt mafia. Bureaucracy and law enforcement demand corrupt people as the topmost officials are corrupt. As the saying goes, â€Å"As is the King, So are the subjects†. The rich people look out for profits and to do so they need to grab any opportunity that comes their way. For them corruption is a sword to slay their rivals. If they wait for the normal legal procedure then they’ll be slain. We often complain of students who get their admissions through paid seats. But then, are only the intelligent ones who have a right to earn a living? This in itself is an inequality. We have some intelligent and some not-so-intelligent people. The not-so-intelligent ones must use unequal ways to fight this inequality. In a world where money makes the world go round, the paradox is such that, in order to fulfill moral obligations one must have the support of money. Progress is synonymous with increase in economic power.

The Arkansaw Bear - A One-Act Play

The Arkansaw Bear - A One-Act Play In The Arkansaw Bear, Tish, a little girl, is upset over the impending death of her beloved grandfather. Her mother and great aunt, both voiceover roles, do not want her to see her grandfather dying in a hospital bed. She runs away from them and reaches a beautiful tree where she makes a wish on a star called Star Bright. Star Bright arranges for Tish to meet two members of a traveling circus- a Mime and the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear. The Bear is old and fleeing from something neither Tish nor the Mime can see. It turns out that The Ringmaster, an incarnation of death, is searching for the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear to take him to the â€Å"center ring.† Together the characters learn that death does not have to be final. The skills and stories that one generation passes on to the next, generation after generation, become a form of immortality. Aurand Harris (1915-1996) was a prolific children’s playwright. He specialized in tackling difficult topics, such as the death of a loved one in The Arkansaw Bear, and discussing those topics on stage. His characters use gentle language and many of his productions notes are about making costumes, sets, and lighting non-threatening. For example, a lighting note in The Arkansas Bear is, â€Å"Never is the stage dark, eerie, or frightening.† For the Mime character, he notes, â€Å"He is not in white face, but his face is natural, friendly, and expressive.† In the notes in his 29-page play, Harris instructs directors that there should be no masks or grotesque make-up. The young audience members should find the whole experience a welcoming, gentle, and encouraging place. Harris’s does not want a child’s fear of and confusion about death compounded with a scary mask or dark stage. Setting: Somewhere in Arkansas Time: The present Cast Size: This play can accommodate 6 actors plus 3 voiceover roles. Male Characters: 5* Female Characters: 1 Female Voiceover Roles: 2 Characters that may be played by either males or females: 3* *The script denotes the male roles as him/he, but it may be possible to have females play the roles of Star Bright, The Ring Master, or Mime. Roles Tish is a little girl who is confused and frightened for her grandfather. She is his â€Å"chip off the old block.† She is seeking a way to make peace with this major event in her life. Star Bright is the first star out in the night. He takes pride in granting wishes. Sometimes he must be subtle about granting the wish, as in helping Tish see that she keeps her grandfather alive by being his chip off the old block. Sometimes he can grant a wish through sheer power as when he traps death in a tree until the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear can teach all his dances to Little Bear. Mime is the friend and assistant of the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear. He speaks no words but is understood by everyone. He is sad to see his best friend go to the center ring and to know that Tish is losing her grandfather, but he is determined to help them both through to the end. World’s Greatest Dancing Bear is the descendant of a prima ballerina bear from Spain and his father was Russia’s greatest dancing bear. He has earned medals for his dancing and has danced for presidents and royalty all over the world. He is scared of The Ringmaster/death but more scared of seeing his life’s work disappear. The Ring Master is a grand figure. He is not evil or biased in any way. He even allows the group a few spare hours to train Little Bear. In the end, he has a show to put on and it is the World’s Greatest Dancing Bear’s cue. Little Bear is a young bear that has lost both his father and grandfather. His mother has urged him to keep on living since that is the best way to say goodbye to loved ones. He agrees to learn the older bear’s dances in order to honor all of his loved ones and become The Arkansaw Bear. Voiceovers: Mother, Aunt Ellen, Announcer Content Issues: Death In this video, see some clips of a production that used child actors. The Arkansaw Bear and many of Aurand Harris’s other plays may be ordered through Dramatic Publishing. It can also be found in the book, Theatre for Youth: Twelve Plays with Mature Themes, edited by Coleman A. Jennings and Gretta Berghammer.

Mothers Who Kill Their Children

Mothers Who Kill Their Children The nation is always shocked by criminal cases such as Andrea Yates, a mother of five who methodically drowned her children in a bathtub then calmly called the police to report it, but mothers who kill their children is a more common crime than we might think. According to the American Anthropological Association, more than 200 women kill their children in the United States each year. Three to five children a day are killed by their parents. Homicide is one of the leading causes of death of children under age four, Yet we continue to persist with the unrealistic view that this is rare behavior, says Jill Korbin, an expert on child abuse, who has studied at length about mothers who killed their children. We should detach from the idea of universal motherhood as natural and see it as a social response, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, medical anthropologist says. Theres a collective denial even when mothers come right out and say, I really shouldnt be trusted with my kids. The three major factors that often play a role when mothers have killed their children are - postpartum psychosis, psychotic breakdowns brought on by factors such as jealousy and abandonment and domestic violence. Postpartum Depression and Postpartum Psychosis Postpartum depression is a common problem that can occur within four weeks of delivery of a baby. It can affect both mothers and fathers, although only a small percentage of fathers experience it. Common symptoms include depression, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, fear, guilt, the inability to bond with the new baby, and a feeling of worthlessness. If left untreated, it can lead to postpartum psychosis. Postpartum psychosis is much more severe and dangerous. Symptoms include extreme insomnia, obsessive behavior, and auditory hallucinations where voices instruct the mother to commit suicide or to mutilate and/or murder her child/children. Often the mother believes such acts will save the child from a life of misery. Psychotic Breakdowns In some cases, children are murdered as a result of the mother experiencing a psychotic breakdown brought on by an intense feeling of abandonment and jealousy in cases where the father of the children has left the home. In some cases, the need to seek revenge overtakes reason. A look at the roles of women who are currently on death row, and the crimes that put them there, shows that women who kill their children are indeed not as rare as we would like to believe. Patricia Blackmon was 29 years old when she killed her 2-year-old adopted daughter in Dothan, AL in May 1999. Kenisha Berry at age 20, covered her 4-day-old son with duct tape resulting in his death. Debra Jean Milke was 25 when she killed her 4-year-old son in Arizona in 1989. Dora Luz Durenrostro killed her two daughters, age 4 and 9, and her son, age 8 when she was 34 years old in San Jacinto, California in 1994. Caro Socorro was 42 years old when she killed her three sons, ages 5, 8 and 11, in Santa Rosa Valley, California in 1999. Susan Eubanks murdered her four sons, ages 4, 6, 7 and 14, in San Marcos, California, in 1996 when she was 33. Caroline Young was 49 in Haywood, California when she killed her 4-year-old granddaughter and 6-year-old grandson. Robin Lee Row was 35 years old when she killed her husband, her 10-year-old son and her 8-year-old daughter in Boise, Idaho in 1992. Michelle Sue Tharp was 29 years old in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania when she killed her 7-year-old daughter. Frances Elaine Newton was 21 when she murdered her husband, 7-year-old son and 2-year-old daughter in Houston, Texas. Update: Frances Elaine Newton was executed on September 14, 2005. Darlie Lynn Routier was 26 in Rowlett, Texas when she was convicted of killing her 5-year-old son. Teresa Michelle Lewis killed her 51-year-old husband and 26-year-old stepson in Keeling, Virgina when she was 33 years old. Korbin said that there are usually clues that are obvious to those who are around parents who end up killing their children. Prior to a homicide, lots of lay people know these men and women are having difficulty parenting. The public has to be better educated in recognizing how to intervene and how to support child abuse prevention, she said.